Effect of Training Types Using Recumbent Cycle Ergometer on Ankle Strength in Healthy Male Subjects

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to investigate the exercise effect of two types of training with a recumbent cycle ergometer on ankle muscle strength (dorsiflexor strength, DFS; dorsiflexor strength/weight, DFS/kg; plantar flexor strength, PFS; and plantar flexor strength/weight, PFS/kg) in healthy male subjects. @*Methods@#Twenty-three healthy males (27.91 ± 8.66 yr) were randomly allocated into two groups (high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and aerobic exercise training (AET) after the first measurement. The subjects were trained for 24 sessions (40 min/rep, three times/week) and ankle strength was measured for a second time. Two-way mixed model analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to identify significant differences between changes in ankle muscle strength between before and after training (within factors) in the HIIT and AET groups (between factors). The statistical significance level was set at α = 0.05. @*Results@#In both HIIT and AET groups, all variables of ankle muscle strength were significantly increased after training compared to before training (p = 0.001). However, there were no differences in all variables of ankle strength between the HIIT and AET group (p > 0.05). @*Conclusion@#Both types (HIIT and AET) of recumbent cycle exercise training could be effective training methods to increase ankle muscle strength in healthy individuals, and the HIIT type with high intensity and low frequency pedaling could be recommended more to strengthen ankle muscles.

Correction: Need Assessment for Smartphone-Based Cardiac Telerehabilitation / 대한의료정보학회지

The final degrees of education for the third and fourth authors were mutually misplaced.

The Influence of Maximal Aerobic Capacity on the Two Years Cardiac Related Re-Hospitalization in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction in Korean Society

PURPOSE: This study examined the influence of the maximal aerobic capacity on the two-year cardiac-related re-hospitalization in patients with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in Korean society.METHODS: The maximal aerobic capacity of the study population (n=95, male 63%) was evaluated using a cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) testing system. Each patient was followed up for two years to divide the HFrEF patients into two groups according to cardiac-related re-hospitalization: re-hospitalization (RH) group (n=29, 30%) and no re-hospitalization (NRH) group (n=66, 70%).RESULTS: The relative peak VO₂ (mL/kg/min, p<0.001), exercise duration (p<0.001), respiratory exchange ratio (VCO₂/VO₂, p=0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) reserve (p=0.004), heart rate (HR) reserve (p=0.007), SBP max (p=0.02), and HR max (p=0.039) were significantly lower in the RH group than the NRH group during the CPX test. On the other hand, the ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO₂ slope, p=0.02) and age (p=0.022) were significantly higher in the RH group than in the NRH group. In binary logistic regression analysis, the relative peak VO₂ (p=0.001, Wald Chi-square 10.137) was the strongest predictive factor on cardiac-related re-hospitalization, which was followed by VCO₂/VO₂ (p=0.019, Wald Chi-square 5.54). On the other hand, age (p=0.063, Wald Chi-square 3.445) did not have a significant influence on cardiac related re-hospitalization.CONCLUSION: The maximal aerobic capacity, especially the relative peak VO₂, is the strongest factor on cardiac-related re-hospitalization within two years in patients with HFrEF in Korean society.

Need Assessment for Smartphone-Based Cardiac Telerehabilitation / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: To identify the current status of smartphone usage and to describe the needs for smartphone-based cardiac telerehabilitation of cardiac patients. METHODS: In 2016, a questionnaire survey was conducted in a supervised ambulatory cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program in a university affiliated hospital with the participation of heart failure or heart transplantation patients who were smartphone users. The questionnaire included questions regarding smartphone usage, demands for smartphone-based disease education, and home health monitoring systems. Results were described and analyzed according to principal diagnosis. RESULTS: Ninety-six patients (66% male; mean age, 53 ± 11 years), including 56 heart failure and 40 heart transplantation patients, completed the survey (completion rate, 95%). The median daily smartphone usage time was 120 minutes (interquartile range, 60–300), and the most frequently used smartphone function was text messaging (61.5%). Of the patients, 26% stated that they searched for health-related information using their smartphones more than 1 time per week. The major source of health-related information was Internet browsing (50.0%), and the least sought source was the hospital's website (3.1%). Patients with heart failure expressed significantly higher needs for disease education on treatment plan, home health monitoring of blood pressure, and body weight (χ2 = 5.79, 6.27, 4.50, p < 0.05). Heart transplantation patients expressed a significant need for home health monitoring of body temperature (χ2 = 5.25, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Heart failure and heart transplantation patients show high usage of and interest in mobile health technology. A smartphone-based cardiac telerehabilitation program should be developed based on high demand areas and modified to suit to each principal diagnosis.

Influence of Home Based Exercise Intensity on the Aerobic Capacity and 1 Year Re-Hospitalization Rate in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of home-based exercise intensity on the aerobic capacity and 1 year re-hospitalization rate in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS: Forty seven patients with CHF (males 33, females 14, age 61.3±9.8 years) participated in this study. The patients were allocated randomly to 3 groups in accordance with home-based exercise intensity: no home based exercise (NHE, 40%, n=19), moderate intensity home-based exercise (MIHE, 43%, n=20), and high intensity home based exercise (HIHE, 17%, n=8). All patients completed the symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) test safely at the cardiac rehabilitation hospital. RESULTS: The NHE group significantly showed lower peak VO2 and a higher VE/VCO2 slope than the MIHE (p < 0.05) and HIHE (p < 0.01) groups. On the other hand, the NHE group did not show significant differences in the other hemodynamic responses, such as heart rate (HR) max, HR reserve, maximal systolic blood pressure (SBP), and SBP reserve. Nine out of 19 NHE patients (47%) were re-hospitalized related to heart disease and two out of 20 MIHE (10%) patients were re-hospitalized, but nobody in the HIHE group were re-hospitalized within 1 year from the CPX test. CONCLUSION: In patients with CHF, home-based self-exercise is one of the important factors for reducing the re-hospitalization rate. In addition, improved aerobic capacity is strongly associated with a lower re-hospitalization rate. In particular, re-hospitalized CHF patients showed significant differences in respiratory parameters and hemodynamic parameters compared to the non-re-hospitalized patients.

The Effect of Forward and Backward Treadmill walking Training on Muscular Strength of Lower Extremities before and after Exhausting Exercise / 대한스포츠의학회지

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological effects of forward and backward walking training on lower extremity muscle strength before and after exhausting exercise. Fourteen healthy male adults were randomly divided into backward walking (BW, n=7) and forward walking (FW, n=7) training groups. Each group took part in pre-test consisted of knee extensor and flexor isokinetic peak torque (PT), total work (TW), electromyography (EMG) before and after exhausting exercise. Exhausting exercise was used to measure lower extremity endurance, which is incremental treadmill running using the Bruce protocol. The BW and FW training groups participated in a 6 weeks training program, consisted of 3 sessions per week for a total of 18 sessions. After finishing the training program, the post-test was performed using the same method. BW training group showed significant increases in knee extensor/flexor PT (4.6%/13.9%), TW (17.34%), EMG (35.9%) before exhausting exercise and PT (23.9%/18.8%), TW (46.7%), EMG (59.8%) after exhausting exercise. But FW training group did not show a significant increase in knee extensor/flexor PT (0.1%/3.2%), TW (1.8%), EMG (10.9%) before exhausting exercise and PT (2%/1%), TW (5.6%), EMG (17.2%) after exhausting exercise. BW training has positive effects on lower extremity muscle strength, especially muscle endurance that is important to prevent muscle weakness during competitive sports.